کویلهای سرمایشی و گرمایشی
کویلهای سرمایشی و گرمایشی
امروزه دستگاههای تهویه مطبوع به وفور مورد استفاده قرارمیگیرند، دستگاههایی مانند فن کویل ها ، هواساز ها و روفتاپ ها. کویلهایی که در این دستگاه بکار رفته است از مهمترین تجهیزات سرمایشی و گرمایشی هستند . این کویلها در حقیقت یک مبدل حرارتی هستند که به دو گونه اصلی تقسیم میشوند.
کویلهای DX
کویلهای آبی
در کویلهای DX انبساط مستقیم مبرد با عث تولید سرما میشود و در کویلهای آبی ، آب سرد چیلر و یا آب گرم بویلر عامل تولید هوای سرد یا گرم است .
عمدتا کویلهای سرمایش و گرمایشی از جنس مس ساخته میشوند .البته کویلهای ساخته شده از استیل هم در بازار موجود هستند . مقاومت استیل در برابر خوردگی بیشتر است .
سطوح گسترش یافته یا فین
به منظور افزایش مقدار انتقال حرارت در مبدلها از تکنیک گسترش سطوح استفاده میگردد. اصطلاحا این سطوح گسترده، فین نامیده میشود . فینها سطح تماس هوای گذرنده از روی کویل را افزایش میدهند در نتیجه مقدار انرژی منتقل شده افزایش می یابد. جنس فین ها عمدتا از الومینیوم انتخاب میشود. فین های موج دار باعث اغتشاش هوای عبوری از روی کویل شده و بدین صورت باعث افزایش بازدهی کویل میشوند .
امروزه فینها با روکشهایی موسوم به گلد فین و یا بلو فین پوشش داده میشوند ، این روکش ها باعث کاهش خوردگی فلز بکار رفته میشود.
طراحی کویل های حرارتی و برودتی
آیتم های متعددی در طراحی کویلهای سرمایشی و گرمایشی دخیل هستند . از جمله
سایز لوله های کویل
جنس و ضخامت لوله ها
نحوه ی چیدمان لوله ها شامل تعداد و ردیفها
جنس فینها و طول فینها و تعداد آنها
سرعت و مقدار هوای گذرنده از روی کویل
ارتفاع محل پروژه از سطح دریا
دمای سیال داخل کویل
دمای خشک و تر هوای گذرنده از روی کویل
نکته مهم پایانی :
طراحی و محاسبات کویلهای حرارتی و برودتی نیازمند برآورد دقیق بار سرمایشی و گرمایشی ساختمان است که می بایست قبل از اقدامات خرید کویل صورت بپذیرد. اهمیت محاسابات در کویلهای سرمایشی به مراتب بیشتر از کویل های گرمایشی ست. چون با بارهای نهان ناشی از رطوبت نیز سرو کار داریم. متاسفانه مشاهده میشود بدون انجام شدن محاسبات، کویل ها انتخاب میشوند و این آسیب فراوانی برجای میگذارد. متاسفم که بیان کنم عمدتا گزارشی درباره بارهای نهان و محسوس کویلها ارائه نمیشود و این یعنی دور ریختن مبلغی که بابت خرید دستگاه هزینه کرده اید .
ما ابتدا بارهای حرارتی ساختمان را به دقت محاسبه میکنیم و کویلهای مورد نیاز متناسب با بار ساختمان را سایز کرده و به شرکت های سازنده سفارش میدهیم و با اتکا به این دانش فنی، جوابدهی دستگاهها را تضمین میکنیم.
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